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Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary

I. work to VB [ingl brit wəːk -, ingl am wərk -] (work to [sth])

work to budget:

work to
s'astreindre à
to work to deadlines
travailler avec des objectifs
to work to tight deadlines
avoir des délais très serrés

work-to-rule SOST

work-to-rule
grève f du zèle
Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary
inglese
inglese
francese
francese
to work to commission
travailler sur commande
to work against sb, to work to sb's disadvantage
jouer en la défaveur de qn
to work to a brief
suivre des directives
francese
francese
inglese
inglese
travailler terre
to work, to cultivate
boulonner
to work, to slave away
taf
work to do
avoir du travail
to have work to do
Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary

I. work [ingl brit wəːk, ingl am wərk] SOST

1. work (physical or mental activity):

work
travail m (on sur)
to be at work on sth
être en train de travailler à qc
to watch sb at work
regarder qn (en train de) travailler
to go to or set to or get to work
se mettre au travail
to go to or set to or get to work on sth
se mettre à travailler à or faire qc
to set to work doing
se mettre à faire
to put a lot of work into essay, speech
travailler
to put a lot of work into meal, preparations
passer beaucoup de temps sur
to put a lot of work into doing
passer beaucoup de temps à faire
to put or set sb to work
faire travailler qn
we put him to work doing
nous lui avons donné pour tâche de faire
it was hard work doing
ça a été dur de faire
to be hard at work
travailler consciencieusement
your essay needs more work
tu dois travailler davantage ta rédaction
there's still a lot of work to be done
il reste encore beaucoup à faire
I've got work to do
j'ai du travail à faire
to make short or light work of sth
expédier qc
to make short work of sb
envoyer promener qn
it's all in a day's work
c'est une question d'habitude
‘good or nice work’ (on written work)
‘bon travail’
‘good or nice work’ (orally)
‘c'est bien!’
it's hot/thirsty work
ça donne chaud/soif

2. work (occupation):

work
travail m
to be in work
avoir du travail or un emploi
to look for work
chercher du travail
day/night work
travail de jour/nuit
place of work
lieu m de travail
to start or begin work (daily)
commencer le travail
to start or begin work (for the first time)
commencer à travailler
to stop work (at the end of the day)
terminer son travail
to stop work (on retirement)
cesser de travailler
to be off work (on vacation)
être en congé
to be off work with flu
être en arrêt de travail parce qu'on a la grippe
to be out of work
être au chômage
nice work if you can get it colloq!
c'est une bonne planque! colloq
nice work if you can get it colloq! attr clothes, shoes
de travail

3. work (place of employment):

work (office)
bureau m
work (factory)
usine f
to go to work
aller au travail
don't phone me at work
ne me téléphone pas à mon travail
there's a canteen at work
il y a une cantine à mon travail
there's a canteen at work attr phone number
au travail

4. work (building, construction):

work
travaux mpl (on sur)

5. work (papers):

to take one's work home lett
emporter du travail chez soi
to take one's work home fig
ramener ses soucis professionnels à sa famille
spread your work out on the table
étale tes papiers sur la table

6. work (achievement, product):

work (essay, report)
travail m
work (artwork, novel, sculpture)
œuvre f (by de)
work (study)
ouvrage m (by de, on sur)
an exhibition of work by young artists
une exposition d'œuvres de jeunes artistes
he sells his work to tourists
il vend ses créations aux touristes
is this all your own work?
est-ce que vous l'avez fait tout seul?
to mark students' work
noter les devoirs des étudiants
his work isn't up to standard
son travail n'a pas le niveau requis
the research was the work of a team
la recherche était l'œuvre d'une équipe
a work of genius
une œuvre de génie
a work of fiction
une œuvre de fiction
a work of reference
un ouvrage de référence
this attack is the work of professionals
l'attaque est l'œuvre de professionnels
I hope you're pleased with your work! iron
j'espère que tu es fier de ton œuvre! iron
the works of Shakespeare/Flaubert
l'œuvre m de Shakespeare/Flaubert

7. work FIS:

work
travail m

8. work (research):

work
recherches fpl (on sur)
there is still a lot of work to be done on the virus
il y a encore beaucoup de recherches à faire sur le virus

9. work (effect):

to go to work drug, detergent:
agir
the weedkiller has done its work
l'herbicide a été efficace

II. works SOST sost pl

1. works (factory):

works
usine f
works canteen
cantine f de l'usine

2. works (building work):

works
travaux mpl
public works
travaux publics

3. works (everything) colloq:

the (full or whole) works
toute la panoplie colloq

III. work [ingl brit wəːk, ingl am wərk] VB vb trans

1. work (drive):

to work sb hard
surmener qn

2. work (labour):

to work shifts
travailler en équipes (de travail posté)
to work days/nights
travailler de jour/de nuit
to work one's passage NAUT
travailler pour payer son voyage
to work one's way through university
travailler pour payer ses études
to work one's way through a book/document
lire un livre/document
to work a 40 hour week
faire la semaine de 40 heures

3. work (operate):

work computer, equipment, lathe
se servir de

4. work (exploit commercially):

work oil-field, land, mine, seam
exploiter

5. work (have as one's territory) representative:

work region
couvrir
beggars/prostitutes work the streets around the station
les mendiants/prostituées occupent les rues autour de la gare

6. work (consume):

to work one's way through (use) amount, quantity
utiliser
to work one's way through two whole cakes
manger deux gâteaux entiers

7. work (bring about):

to work wonders/miracles lett, fig
faire des merveilles/miracles
the landscape started to work its magic on me
la magie du paysage a commencé à faire effet

8. work (use to one's advantage):

to work the system
profiter du système
can you work it for me to get tickets?
peux-tu t'arranger pour m'avoir des billets?
how did you manage to work it?
comment as-tu pu arranger ça?
I've worked things so that…
j'ai arrangé les choses de sorte que…

9. work (fashion):

work clay, dough, gold, iron
travailler
to work sth to a soft consistency
travailler qc pour le rendre malléable
to work gold into jewellery
travailler l'or pour en faire des bijoux

10. work (embroider):

work design
broder (into sur)
to be worked in blue silk
être brodé à la soie bleue

11. work (manoeuvre):

to work sth into slot, hole
introduire qc dans
to work a lever up and down
actionner un levier

12. work (exercise):

work muscles, biceps
faire travailler

13. work (move):

to work one's way through crowd
se frayer un passage à travers
to work one's way along ledge, sill
avancer le long de
to work one's hands free
se libérer les mains
to work the rope loose
desserrer la corde
it worked its way loose, it worked itself loose
il s'est desserré peu à peu
to work its way into bloodstream, system, food, chain
passer dans
start at the top and work your way down
commencez par le haut et continuez jusqu'en bas

IV. work [ingl brit wəːk, ingl am wərk] VB vb intr

1. work (engage in activity):

work
travailler (doing à faire)
to work at the hospital/the factory
travailler à l'hôpital/l'usine
to work at home
travailler à domicile
to work as a midwife/teacher
travailler comme sage-femme/professeur
to work for sb
travailler pour qn
to work for Grant and Company
travailler pour la Société Grant
to work in advertising/publishing
travailler dans la publicité/l'édition
to work with young people
travailler avec les jeunes
to work for a living
gagner sa vie
to work in oils/watercolours artist:
travailler à l'huile/l'aquarelle

2. work (strive):

work
lutter (against contre, for pour, to do pour faire)
to work against corruption
lutter contre la corruption
to work towards solution
se diriger vers
to work towards compromise
s'acheminer vers
to work towards agreement
négocier

3. work (function):

work equipment, machine:
fonctionner, marcher
work institution, system, heart, brain:
fonctionner
to work on electricity/on gas
marcher or fonctionner à l'électricité/au gaz
to work off the mains
marcher sur le secteur
the washing machine isn't working
la machine à laver est en panne or ne marche pas

4. work (act, operate):

it doesn't or things don't work like that
ça ne marche pas comme ça
to work on the assumption that …
présumer que …
to work in sb's favour, to work to sb's advantage
tourner à l'avantage de qn
to work against sb, to work to sb's disadvantage
jouer en la défaveur de qn

5. work (be successful):

work treatment:
avoir de l'effet
work detergent, drug:
agir (against contre, on sur)
work spell:
agir
work plan, plot:
réussir
work argument, hypothesis:
tenir debout
flattery won't work with me
la flatterie ne marche pas avec moi
the adaptation really works
l'adaptation est vraiment réussie
I didn't think the novel would work as a film
je ne pensais pas qu'on pouvait tirer un bon film de ce roman

6. work (move):

work face, features:
se contracter

V. work [ingl brit wəːk, ingl am wərk] VB vb rifl

1. work (labour):

to work oneself too hard
se surmener
to work oneself to death
se tuer à la tâche

2. work (rouse):

to work oneself into a rage
se mettre en colère
to work oneself into a frenzy (with anger)
se mettre en rage
to work oneself into a frenzy (with hysteria)
devenir hystérique

VI. work [ingl brit wəːk, ingl am wərk]

to work one's way up
gravir tous les échelons
to work one's way up the company
faire son chemin dans l'entreprise

I. strain [ingl brit streɪn, ingl am streɪn] SOST

1. strain FIS:

strain (weight)
effort m
strain (weight)
déformation f (on sur)
strain (from pulling)
tensions fpl (on de)
to put a strain on beam, bridge, rope
soumettre [qc] à des efforts or à des sollicitations
to put a strain on heart, lungs
fatiguer
to put a strain on muscles
faire travailler
to be under strain bridge, structure:
être soumis à des efforts or des sollicitations
to grimace/sweat under the strain
grimacer/suer sous l'effort
to take the strain beam, bracket, rope:
être soumis à des efforts or des sollicitations
the rope/shelf can't take the strain
la corde/l'étagère ne résistera pas

2. strain (pressure):

strain (on person)
stress m
strain (in relations)
tension f
mental or nervous strain
tension f nerveuse
to put a strain on relationship
avoir un effet néfaste sur
to put a strain on group, alliance
créer des tensions au sein de
to put a strain on system, network
surcharger
to put a strain on sector, prison system
provoquer une crise dans
to put a strain on economy, finances
grever
to put a strain on patience, goodwill
mettre [qc] à rude épreuve
to be under strain person:
être stressé
to be under strain relations:
être tendu
to be under strain network, system:
être surchargé
to take the strain person:
supporter la pression
he can't take the strain
il supporte mal le stress or la pression
to crack under the strain person:
craquer sous la pression
to take the strain out of climb, management, organization
faciliter
to show signs of strain person:
montrer des signes de fatigue
the strain (on him) was beginning to tell
il montrait des signes de fatigue
the strains within the coalition
les tensions au sein de la coalition
it's a strain talking to him
c'est pénible de lui parler
it's getting to be a strain
ça commence à devenir pénible

3. strain (injury):

strain
muscle m froissé
a calf/thigh strain
un muscle du mollet/de la cuisse froissé

4. strain (breed):

strain (of animal)
race f
strain (of plant, seed)
variété f
strain (of virus, bacteria)
souche f

5. strain (recurring theme):

strain (of melancholy, etc)
courant m (of de)

6. strain (tendency):

strain (in family, nation, group)
tendance f (of à)

7. strain (style):

strain
veine f
strain
ton m
the rest of the speech was in the same strain
le reste du discours était dans la même veine

II. strains SOST

strains sost pl (tune) (of piece of music, song):

strains letter
air m
to the strains of…
aux accents de…

III. strain [ingl brit streɪn, ingl am streɪn] VB vb trans

1. strain (stretch):

strain rope, cable
tendre
to strain one's eyes (to see)
plisser les yeux
to strain one's ears
tendre l'oreille
to strain one's muscles/every muscle
tendre ses muscles/tous ses muscles (to do pour faire)

2. strain fig:

strain resources, finances, economy
grever
strain relationship, alliance
compromettre
strain network, system
surcharger
strain patience, credulity, understanding
mettre [qc] à rude épreuve
it would be straining the truth to say…
ce serait exagéré de dire…
the writer has strained the possibilities of conventional language
l'écrivain a dépassé or sublimé les possibilités du langage conventionnel

3. strain (injure):

to strain a muscle
se froisser un muscle
to strain one's thigh/groin/shoulder
se froisser un muscle de la cuisse/l'aine/l'épaule
to strain one's eyes/heart
se fatiguer les yeux/le cœur
to strain one's voice
forcer sa voix
to strain one's back
se faire un tour de reins

4. strain (sieve):

strain tea, sauce
passer
strain vegetables, pasta, rice
égoutter

IV. strain [ingl brit streɪn, ingl am streɪn] VB vb intr

to strain against sth
pousser de toutes ses forces contre qc
to strain at leash, rope
tirer sur
to strain to see/hear
faire un gros effort pour voir/entendre
to strain forward
se pencher en avant

V. to strain oneself VB vb rifl

1. to strain oneself (injure):

to strain oneself
se blesser

2. to strain oneself (tire):

to strain oneself
se fatiguer
don't strain yourself! iron
ne te fatigue surtout pas!

I. nerve [ingl brit nəːv, ingl am nərv] SOST

1. nerve:

nerve ANAT
nerf m
nerve BOT
nervure f

2. nerve:

nerve (courage)
courage m
nerve (confidence)
assurance f
to have the nerve to do
avoir le courage de faire
to have the nerve to do
avoir le cran de faire colloq
to keep one's nerve
conserver son sang-froid
to lose one's nerve
perdre son courage, se dégonfler colloq
to recover one's nerve
retrouver son assurance

3. nerve (impudence, cheek):

nerve colloq
culot m colloq
nerve colloq
audace f
to have the nerve to do
avoir le culot de faire colloq
he's got a nerve!
il est gonflé! colloq
he's got a nerve!
il a du culot! colloq
you've got a nerve colloq!
tu as un sacré culot! colloq
of all the nerve! what a nerve!
quel culot! colloq

II. nerves SOST

nerves sost pl:

nerves (nervousness)
nerfs mpl
nerves (stage fright)
trac m colloq
to have an attack of nerves
faire une crise de nerfs
she suffers from (her) nerves
c'est une grande nerveuse
to be in a state of nerves
avoir les nerfs en pelote colloq
it's only nerves!
c'est nerveux!
his nerves were on edge
il était sur les nerfs
that noise is getting on my nerves
ce bruit me tape sur les nerfs colloq
to live on one's nerves
vivre sur les nerfs
to be all nerves
être un paquet de nerfs
to calm sb's nerves
calmer qn
you need strong nerves to do that kind of work
il faut avoir les nerfs solides pour faire ce genre de travail
to have nerves of steel
avoir des nerfs d'acier
a war or battle of nerves
une guerre des nerfs

III. nerve oneself VB vb rifl

nerve oneself vb rifl:

nerve oneself
s'armer de courage
to nerve oneself to do
s'armer de courage pour faire

IV. nerve [ingl brit nəːv, ingl am nərv]

to touch or hit a raw nerve
toucher un point sensible
to strain every nerve to do
s'évertuer à faire

I. to teem with, to be teeming with VB vb intr

to teem with, to be teeming with people
regorger de
to teem with, to be teeming with wildlife
abonder en
to teem with, to be teeming with ideas
fourmiller de

II. teem [ingl brit tiːm, ingl am tim] VB vb impers

it was teeming (with rain)
il pleuvait des cordes

III. teeming AGG

1. teeming (swarming):

teeming city, continent, ocean
grouillant (with de)
teeming masses, crowds
grouillant, pullulant pegg

2. teeming (pouring):

teeming rain
battant, diluvien/-ienne

I. flatten [ingl brit ˈflat(ə)n, ingl am ˈflætn] VB vb trans

1. flatten (level):

flatten rain, storm: crops, grass
coucher
flatten tree, fence
abattre
flatten bombing, earthquake: building, town
raser
he flattened him with a single punch
il l'a étendu raide d'un seul coup de poing colloq
he'll flatten you colloq!
il va te casser la figure! colloq

2. flatten (smooth out):

flatten surface, ground, road
aplanir
flatten metal
aplatir

3. flatten (crush):

flatten animal, fruit, hat, box etc
écraser

4. flatten (beat) fig, colloq:

flatten person, team
écraser

5. flatten MUS:

flatten note
baisser (le ton de)

6. flatten ingl brit:

flatten AUTO CORSE, ELETTR radio battery
user
flatten car battery
décharger

II. flatten [ingl brit ˈflat(ə)n, ingl am ˈflætn] VB vb intr

flatten → flatten out

III. to flatten oneself VB vb rifl

to flatten oneself vb rifl:

to flatten oneself
s'aplatir (against contre)

IV. flattened AGG

flattened shape, nose, head
aplati
flattened box, can
écrasé
flattened (by rain, storm) grass, weeds
couché
flattened (by earthquake, bombs) building, district
rasé

I. flatten out VB [ingl brit ˈflat(ə)n -, ingl am ˈflætn -] (flatten out)

flatten out slope, road, ground:
s'aplanir
flatten out graph, curve, flight path:
se redresser
flatten out growth, exports, decline:
se stabiliser

II. flatten out VB [ingl brit ˈflat(ə)n -, ingl am ˈflætn -] (flatten out [sth], flatten [sth] out)

flatten out ground, road:

flatten out
aplanir
he flattened the map out on the table
il a étalé la carte bien à plat sur la table

I. top [ingl brit tɒp, ingl am tɑp] SOST

1. top (highest or furthest part):

top (of page, ladder, stairs, wall)
haut m
top (of list)
tête f
top (of mountain, hill)
sommet m
top (of garden, field)
(autre) bout m
eight lines from the top
à la huitième ligne à partir du haut de la page
at the top of page, stairs, street, scale
en haut de
at the top of hill
au sommet de
at the top of list
en tête de
at the top of the building
au dernier étage de l'immeuble
at the top of the table
à la place d'honneur
to be at the top of one's list fig
venir en tête de sa liste
to be at the top of the agenda fig
être une priorité

2. top (highest echelon, position) fig:

to aim for the top
viser haut
to be at the top of one's profession
être tout en haut de l'échelle fig
life can be tough at the top
il n'est pas toujours facile d'être en haut de l'échelle
to get to or make it to the top
réussir
to be top of the class
être le premier/la première de la classe
to be top of the bill TEATR
être la tête d'affiche

3. top (surface):

top (of table, water)
surface f
top (of box, cake)
dessus m
to float to the top
flotter à la surface

4. top (upper part):

top
partie f supérieure
the top of the façade/of the building
la partie supérieure de la façade/du bâtiment
the top of the milk
la crème du lait

5. top (cap, lid):

top (of pen)
capuchon m
top (of bottle) (gen)
bouchon m
top (with serrated edge)
capsule f
top (of paint-tin, saucepan)
couvercle m

6. top MODA:

top
haut m
a sleeveless summer top
un haut sans manches pour l'été

7. top AUTO CORSE:

top, a. top gear (fourth)
quatrième (vitesse) f
top, a. top gear (fifth)
cinquième (vitesse) f
to be in top
être en quatrième or cinquième

8. top BOT (of vegetable):

top
fane f
carrot tops
fanes de carottes

9. top (toy):

top
toupie f

II. top [ingl brit tɒp, ingl am tɑp] AGG

1. top (highest):

top step, storey
dernier/-ière
top bunk
de haut
top button, shelf
du haut
top division SPORT
premier/-ière
top layer
supérieur
top concern, priority fig
majeur
in the top left-hand corner
en haut à gauche
the top corridor
le couloir du dernier étage
the top notes MUS
les notes les plus hautes
the top tax band
la catégorie des plus imposables
to pay the top price for sth buyer:
acheter qc au prix fort
‘we pay the top prices’
‘nous achetons aux meilleurs prix’
to be in the top class at primary school
être en cours moyen 2ème année
to get top marks SCUOLA
avoir dix sur dix or vingt sur vingt
fig top marks to the company for its initiative
vingt sur vingt à l'entreprise pour son initiative

2. top (furthest away):

top field, house
du bout

3. top (leading):

top adviser, authority, agency
plus grand
top job
élevé
one of their top chefs/soloists
l'un de leurs plus grands chefs/solistes
it's one of the top jobs
c'est un des postes les plus élevés
top people
les gens importants
top people (bureaucrats)
les hauts fonctionnaires
to be in the top three
être dans les trois premiers

4. top (best):

top wine, choice, buy, restaurant
meilleur

5. top (upper):

top lip
supérieur
the top half of the body
le haut du corps
on her top half, she wore…
comme haut elle avait mis…

6. top (maximum):

top speed
maximum
we'll have to work at top speed
nous allons devoir travailler le plus vite possible

III. on top of PREP

1. on top of lett cupboard, fridge, layer:

on top of
sur

2. on top of (close to) fig:

the car was suddenly right on top of me colloq
soudain la voiture était sur moi
to live on top of each other
vivre les uns sur les autres

3. on top of (in addition to) fig:

on top of salary, workload
en plus de
on top of everything else I have to do
en plus de tout ce que j'ai à faire

4. on top of (in control of) fig:

to be on top of a situation
contrôler la situation
to get on top of inflation
maîtriser l'inflation
you can never really feel on top of this job
dans ce métier on se sent toujours un peu dépassé
things are getting on top of her (she's depressed)
elle est déprimée
things are getting on top of her (she can't cope)
elle ne s'en sort plus

IV. top <part pres topping; pret, part perf topped> [ingl brit tɒp, ingl am tɑp] VB vb trans

1. top (head):

top charts, polls
être en tête de

2. top (exceed):

top sum, figure, contribution
dépasser

3. top (cap):

top story, anecdote
renchérir sur

4. top (finish off) (gen):

top building, creation
compléter (with par)
top GASTR cake, dish, layer
recouvrir (with de)
cake topped with frosting
gâteau recouvert d'un glaçage
each cake was topped with a cherry
chaque petit gâteau avait une cerise dessus
a mosque topped with three domes
une mosquée surmontée de trois coupoles

5. top (kill):

top colloq
dégommer colloq
top colloq
tuer

V. to top oneself VB vb rifl

to top oneself vb rifl < part pres topping; pret, part perf topped> colloq:

to top oneself
se suicider

VI. top [ingl brit tɒp, ingl am tɑp]

on top of all this, to top it all (after misfortune)
par-dessus le marché colloq
from top to bottom
de fond en comble
not to have very much up top colloq
n'avoir rien dans le ciboulot colloq
to be over the top or OTT (in behaviour, reaction) colloq
être exagéré
he's really over the top colloq!
il exagère!
he's really over the top colloq!
il pousse! colloq
to be the tops colloq, disuso
être formidable
to be/stay on top
avoir/garder le dessus
to be top dog
être le chef
to come out on top (win)
l'emporter
to come out on top (survive, triumph)
s'en sortir
to feel on top of the world
être aux anges
MILIT to go over the top
monter à l'assaut
to say things off the top of one's head (without thinking)
dire n'importe quoi
I'd say £5, 000, but that's just off the top of my head (without checking)
moi, je dirais £5000, mais c'est approximatif
to shout at the top of one's voice
crier à tue-tête
to sleep like a top
dormir comme un loir

I. substitute [ingl brit ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt, ingl am ˈsəbstəˌt(j)ut] SOST

1. substitute (person) (gen) SPORT:

substitute
remplaçant/-e m/f
to come on as a substitute SPORT
jouer comme remplaçant
their dog is a child substitute
leur chien remplace l'enfant qu'ils n'ont pas eu
their dog is a child substitute attr family, parent
adoptif/-ive
their dog is a child substitute SPORT player
de remplacement

2. substitute (product, substance):

substitute
produit m de substitution
substitute
succédané m
substitute
ersatz m pegg
chocolate/coffee substitute
succédané de chocolat/de café, produit de substitution pour le chocolat/le café
there is no substitute for analysis/a good education
rien ne remplace l'analyse/une bonne éducation
there is no substitute for real leather
rien ne vaut le cuir véritable
it's a poor substitute for a glass of wine!
ça ne vaut pas un verre de vin!
it's a poor substitute for a glass of wine! attr machine, device
de remplacement

3. substitute LING:

substitute
substitut m

II. substitute [ingl brit ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt, ingl am ˈsəbstəˌt(j)ut] VB vb trans

substitute
substituer (for à)
to substitute X for Y
substituer X à Y, remplacer X par Y
honey can be substituted for sugar in this recipe
on peut remplacer le sucre par du miel dans cette recette

III. to substitute for VB vb intr

to substitute for
remplacer

I. sponge [ingl brit spʌn(d)ʒ, ingl am spəndʒ] SOST

1. sponge (for cleaning):

sponge
éponge f
to soak up water like a sponge
absorber l'eau comme une éponge
at that age, a child's mind is like a sponge
à cet âge, le cerveau d'un enfant assimile tout

2. sponge U (material):

sponge
éponge f

3. sponge ZOOL:

sponge
éponge f
to dive for sponges
pêcher les éponges

4. sponge (wipe):

sponge
coup m d'éponge
to give sth a sponge
donner un coup d'éponge à qc

5. sponge:

sponge, a. sponge cake
génoise f
jam/cream sponge
génoise f fourrée à la confiture/à la crème

6. sponge MED (pad):

sponge
compresse f

II. sponge [ingl brit spʌn(d)ʒ, ingl am spəndʒ] VB vb trans

1. sponge (wipe):

sponge material, garment, stain
frotter [qc] avec une éponge
sponge wound, excess liquid
éponger
sponge surface
laver [qc] avec une éponge
to sponge one's face
s'essuyer le visage avec une éponge

2. sponge (scrounge) colloq, pegg:

to sponge sth off or from sb
taper qc à qn colloq

III. to sponge off, to sponge on VB vb intr colloq, pegg

to sponge off,to sponge on family, friend, State:

to sponge off, to sponge on
vivre sur le dos de

I. attach [ingl brit əˈtatʃ, ingl am əˈtætʃ] VB vb trans

1. attach object:

attach (fasten)
attacher (to à)
attach (to letter)
joindre

2. attach (to organization):

to be attached to sth
être attaché à qc

3. attach (attribute):

attach condition, importance
attacher (to à)
to attach blame to sb for sth
reprocher qc à qn

4. attach (in email):

attach document, file
joindre, envoyer [qc] en pièce jointe

II. attach [ingl brit əˈtatʃ, ingl am əˈtætʃ] VB vb intr form

to attach to sth blame:
reposer sur qc
to attach to sth responsibility:
faire partie de qc
to attach to sth salary:
être afférent à qc

III. to attach oneself to VB vb rifl

to attach oneself to vb rifl lett, fig:

to attach oneself to
s'attacher à
to attach oneself to sb/sth
s'attacher à qn/qc

nel dizionario PONS

inglese
inglese
francese
francese
to farm out work to sb
sous-traiter du travail à qn
to work to the disadvantage of sth
aller à l'encontre des intérêts de qc
to work/to be paid by the day
travailler/être payé à la journée
to work like a demon, to be a demon for work, to be a demon worker colloq
travailler comme un fou
to work round to doing sth
réussir à faire qc
francese
francese
inglese
inglese
dédier une œuvre à qn
to dedicate a work to sb
travailler à satisfaire les clients
to work to satisfy the customers
leçon de récitation
work to be recited by heart
travailler/être payé à la journée
to work/to be paid by the day
grève du zèle
work-to-rule ingl brit
nel dizionario PONS

I. work [wɜ:k, ingl am wɜ:rk] SOST

1. work no pl (useful activity):

work
travail m
to be at work
être au travail
it's hard work doing sth
c'est dur de faire qc
to put a lot of work into sth
beaucoup travailler sur qc
it needs more work essay
il faut le(la) retravailler
to do some work on the car/house
faire quelques réparations sur la voiture/dans la maison
she's at work on a novel
elle travaille sur un roman

2. work no pl (employment):

work
emploi m
to be in work
travailler
to be off work
ne pas travailler
to be out of work
être sans emploi
to get work as a translator
trouver un emploi en tant que traducteur

3. work no pl (place):

work
travail m
to be at work
être au travail
to leave for work
partir travailler

4. work no pl (sth produced by sb):

work
travail m
work in leather
travail sur cuir
to be sb's work
être l'œuvre de qn
the work of professional thieves/a craftsman
l'œuvre de voleurs professionnelles/d'un artisan
a work by Picasso
une œuvre de Picasso
works of art in bronze
œuvres d'art en bronze

5. work pl, + sing/pl vb (factory):

work
usine f

6. work pl (working parts):

work a. fig
rouages mpl

7. work pl colloq (everything):

the works
la totale

locuzioni:

to have one's work cut out to do sth
peiner à faire qc

II. work [wɜ:k, ingl am wɜ:rk] VB vb intr

1. work (be busy, do job):

work
travailler
to work for peace
œuvrer pour la paix

2. work (function):

work
marcher
to get sth to work
faire marcher qc
to work on batteries
fonctionner avec des piles

3. work (have effect):

work
faire effet
to work against sb/sth
agir contre qn/qc
to work for sb
agir en faveur de qn
to work both ways
agir dans les deux sens

4. work (make progress towards sth):

to work round to doing sth
réussir à faire qc
to work free
se libérer
to work loose
se desserrer

locuzioni:

to work like a charm
fonctionner comme un charme
to work like a Trojan ingl brit, to work till you drop
travailler comme un forçat

III. work [wɜ:k, ingl am wɜ:rk] VB vb trans

1. work (make sb work):

work
faire travailler
to work oneself to death
se tuer au travail

2. work (do work):

work
travailler
to work long hours
travailler de longues heures
to work overtime
faire des heures supplémentaires

3. work (operate):

work
faire fonctionner
to be worked by sth
être actionné par qc

4. work (achieve):

to work sth free
parvenir à dégager qc
to work sth loose
desserrer qc
to work one's way through the crowd
se frayer un chemin à travers la foule
to work one's way up through a firm
gravir les échelons dans une entreprise

5. work (bring about):

work
opérer
to work it/things (out) so that ...
faire de sorte que ...

6. work (shape):

work
travailler

7. work (exploit):

work
exploiter

locuzioni:

to work one's fingers to the bone
se saigner aux quatre veines
to work a treat ingl brit colloq
bien marcher

I. to [tu:] PREP

1. to:

to
à

2. to (direction, location):

to France/Alaska
en France/Alaska
to Japan/Peru
au Japon/Pérou
to Oxford/Oslo
à Oxford/Oslo
to town
en ville
to the dentist('s)/my parents'
chez le dentiste/mes parents
the flight to London
le vol à destination de Londres
to the left/right
à gauche/droite
to the north/south
au nord/sud
I go to school/church
je vais à l'école/l'église
close to sth
près de qc
he had his back to me
il me tournait le dos
I fix sth to the wall
je fixe qc au mur
come to dinner
venez dîner

3. to (before):

a quarter to five
cinq heures moins le quart
still four days to the holiday
encore quatre jours avant les vacances

4. to (until):

I count to 10
je compte jusqu'à 10
to date
jusqu'à ce jour

5. to (between):

from 10 to 25
de 10 à 25

6. to (with indirect objects):

I talk to sb
je parle à qn
it belongs to me
cela m'appartient
listen to your mother
écoute ta mère

7. to (towards):

he is kind/nasty to sb
il est gentil/méchant avec qn

8. to (expressing a relation):

it's nothing to sth
ce n'est rien par rapport à qc
it's important to me
c'est important pour moi
to them it's vital/silly
pour eux c'est crucial/idiot
it's a lot of money to us
ça représente beaucoup d'argent pour nous
what's it to them? colloq
qu'est-ce que ça peut leur faire?
how many francs to the euro?
combien de francs dans un euro?
3 goals to 1
3 buts à 1
the odds are 3 to 1
la cote est à 3 contre 1

9. to (expressing a reaction):

much to my surprise
à ma grande surprise
to my disgust he accepted
à mon grand dégoût il a accepté
to sway to the rhythm
onduler au rythme de la musique
sb/sth changes to sth
qn/qc se change en qc

10. to (by):

known to sb
connu de qn

11. to (expressing a connection):

the top to this jar
le couvercle de ce bocal
secretary to the boss
secrétaire du patron
I had the house to myself
j'ai eu la maison à moi tout seul

locuzioni:

that's all there is to it
ce n'est pas plus compliqué que ça
there's not much [or nothing] to it
ce n'est pas difficile

II. to [tu:] infinitive particle

1. to not translated (infinitive):

to do/walk/put
faire/marcher/mettre

2. to (in commands, wishes):

I told/asked him to eat
je lui ai dit/demandé de manger
he wants to listen/go there
il veut écouter/y aller
he wants me to tell him a story
il veut que je lui raconte une histoire

3. to (after interrog. words):

I know what to do/where to go/how to say it
je sais quoi faire/où aller/comment le dire

4. to (expressing purpose):

to so sth
pour faire qc
I write books to make money
j'écris des livres pour gagner de l'argent
he comes to see me
il vient me voir

5. to (in consecutive acts):

I came only to see the door lying open
en arrivant j'ai vu la porte ouverte

6. to (introducing a complement):

too tired/rich enough to +infin
trop fatigué/assez riche pour +infin
the last to leave
le dernier à partir

7. to (in impersonal statements):

it is easy to +infin
il est facile de +infin
sth is easy to do
qc est facile à faire

8. to (in ellipsis):

he doesn't want to drink, but I want to
il ne veut pas boire, mais moi oui
I shouldn't, but I want to
je ne devrais pas, mais je voudrais le faire
it's hard to explain but I'll try to
c'est difficile à expliquer mais je vais essayer

III. to [tu:] AVV

I push the door to
je ferme la porte

locuzioni:

to and fro
ça et là
to go to and fro
aller et venir

from [frɒm, ingl am frɑ:m] PREP

1. from:

from
de

2. from (as starting point):

where is he from?
d'où est-il?
the flight from London
le vol (en provenance) de Londres
to fly from New York to Tokyo
aller de New York à Tokyo (en avion)
to go from door to door
aller de porte en porte
shirts from £5
des chemises à partir de 5£
from inside
de l'intérieur

3. from (temporal):

from day to day
de jour en jour
from time to time
de temps en temps
from his childhood
depuis son enfance
from the age of 7 upwards
dès l'âge de 7 ans
from that date on(wards)
à partir de cette date

4. from (at distance to):

100 metres from the river
à 100 mètres du fleuve
far from doing sth
loin de faire qc

5. from (source, origin):

a card from Dad/Corsica
une carte de papa/Corse
toys from China
jouets venant de Chine
to drink from a cup/the bottle
boire dans une tasse/à la bouteille
to appear from among the trees/beneath sth
surgir d'entre les arbres/de dessous qc
painted from life
peint d'après nature
translated from the English
traduit de l'anglais
quotations from Joyce
citations de Joyce
from “War and Peace”
extrait [ou tiré] de “Guerre et Paix”
there have been complaints from the neighbours
il y a eu des plaints de la part des voisins
tell her from me
dites-lui de ma part

6. from (in reference to):

from what I heard
d'après ce que j'ai entendu (dire)
from my point of view a. fig
de mon point de vue
to judge from appearances
juger selon les apparences
different from the others
différent des autres

7. from (caused by):

from experience
par expérience
weak from hunger
affaibli par la faim
to die from thirst
mourir de soif

8. from (expressing removal, separation):

to steal/take sth from sb
voler/prendre qc à qn
to tell good from evil
distinguer le bien du mal
to keep sth from sb
cacher qc à qn
to shade sth from the sun
protéger qc du soleil
4 (subtracted) from 7 equals 3 MAT
4 ôté de 7 égale 3

locuzioni:

from bad to worse
de mal en pis

at-sign SOST INFORM

at-sign
ar(r)obas m
at-sign
a m commercial

at2

at → at-sign

at1 [ət] PREP

1. at (in location of):

at
à
at home/school
à la maison/l'école
at the office
au bureau
at table
à table
at the window
devant la fenêtre
at the dentist's
chez le dentiste

2. at (expressing time):

at the same time
en même temps
at the/no time
à ce moment-là/aucun moment
to do one thing at a time
faire une chose à la fois
at noon/midnight/3 o'clock
à midi/minuit/3 heures
at night
(durant) la nuit
at Easter
à Pâques
while I'm at it
pendant que j'y suis

3. at (towards):

he ran at me
il a foncé sur moi
to point at people
montrer les gens du doigt
to rush at sth/sb
se ruer sur qc/qn

4. at (in reaction to):

at the sight of sth
en voyant qc

5. at (in an amount of):

at all
en tout
to buy sth at a pound
acheter qc pour une livre
to sell sth at £10 a kilo
vendre qc 10£ le kilo
at 120 km/h
à 120 à l'heure

6. at (in a state of):

I'm not at my best/most alert
je ne suis pas vraiment en forme/très éveillé
at war/peace
en guerre/paix
at 20
à l'âge de 20 ans
a child at play
un enfant en train de jouer
to be at lunch
déjeuner

7. at (in ability to):

to be good/bad at French
être bon/mauvais en français
to be at an advantage
avoir l'avantage

8. at (repetition, persistence):

to tug at the rope
tirer sur la corde
to be on at sb to +infin
harceler qn pour +infin
she's always on at me
elle est toujours après moi
he's at it again
il recommence
he's always at it
il n'arrête pas

locuzioni:

at all often not translated do you know her husband at all?
est-ce que vous connaissez son mari?
thank you at — not at all!
merci — je vous en prie!
not angry at all
pas du tout fâché
he said nothing at at
il n'a rien dit du tout
nobody at all
absolument personne
to hardly work/talk at all
il travaille/parle à peine
at that
de surcroît
that's where it's at colloq
c'est comme ça aujourd'hui
let's see where we're at
voyons où nous en sommes
nel dizionario PONS
inglese
inglese
francese
francese
to farm out work to sb
faire sous-traiter du travail par qn
to work to the disadvantage of sb/sth
aller à l'encontre des intérêts de qn/qc
to work/to be paid by the day
travailler/être payé à la journée
to work out to $10
revenir à 10 dollars
to work round to doing sth
réussir à faire qc
francese
francese
inglese
inglese
grève du zèle
work to rule
dédier une œuvre à qn
to dedicate a work to sb
travailler à satisfaire les clients
to work to satisfy the customers
leçon de récitation
work to be recited by heart
travailler/être payé à la journée
to work/to be paid by the day
nel dizionario PONS

I. work [wɜrk] SOST

1. work (useful activity):

work
travail m
to be at work
être au travail
it's hard work doing sth
c'est dur de faire qc
to put a lot of work into sth
beaucoup travailler sur qc
it needs more work essay
il faut retravailler ça
to do some work on the car/house
faire quelques réparations sur la voiture/dans la maison
she's at work on a novel
elle travaille sur un roman

2. work (employment):

work
emploi m
to be in work
travailler
to be out of work
être sans emploi
to get work as a translator
trouver un emploi en tant que traducteur

3. work (place):

work
travail m
to be at work
être au travail
to leave for work
partir travailler

4. work (sth produced by sb):

work
travail m
work in leather
travail sur cuir
to be sb's work
être l'œuvre f de qn
the work of professional thieves/a craftsman
l'œuvre de voleurs professionnels/d'un artisan
a work by Picasso
une œuvre de Picasso
works of art in bronze
œuvres fpl d'art en bronze

5. work pl, + sing/pl vb (factory):

work
usine f

6. work pl (working parts):

work a. fig
rouages mpl

7. work pl colloq (everything):

the works
la totale

locuzioni:

to have one's work cut out for oneself
peiner à faire qc

II. work [wɜrk] VB vb intr

1. work (be busy, do job):

work
travailler
to work for peace
œuvrer pour la paix

2. work (function):

work
marcher
to get sth to work
faire marcher qc
to work on batteries
fonctionner avec des piles

3. work (have effect):

work
faire effet
to work against sb/sth
agir contre qn/qc
to work for sb
agir en faveur de qn
to work both ways
agir dans les deux sens

4. work (make progress toward sth):

to work round to doing sth
réussir à faire qc
to work free
se libérer
to work loose
se desserrer

locuzioni:

to work like a charm
fonctionner comme un charme
to work till you drop
travailler comme un forçat

III. work [wɜrk] VB vb trans

1. work (make sb work):

work
faire travailler
to work oneself to death
se tuer au travail

2. work (do work):

work
travailler
to work long hours
travailler de longues heures
to work overtime
faire des heures supplémentaires

3. work (operate):

work
faire fonctionner
to be worked by sth
être actionné par qc

4. work (achieve):

to work sth free
parvenir à dégager qc
to work sth loose
desserrer qc
to work one's way through the crowd
se frayer un chemin à travers la foule
to work one's way up through a company
gravir les échelons dans une entreprise

5. work (bring about):

work
opérer
to work it/things (out) so that ...
faire de sorte que ...

6. work (shape):

work
travailler

7. work (exploit):

work
exploiter

locuzioni:

to work one's fingers to the bone
se saigner aux quatre veines

I. to [tu] PREP

1. to:

to
à

2. to (direction, location):

to France/Alaska
en France/Alaska
to Japan/Peru
au Japon/Pérou
to Boston/Oslo
à Boston/Oslo
to town
en ville
to the dentist/my parents'
chez le dentiste/mes parents
the flight to New York
le vol à destination de New York
to the left/right
à gauche/droite
to the north/south
au nord/sud
I go to school/church
je vais à l'école/l'église
close to sth
près de qc
he had his back to me
il me tournait le dos
to fasten sth to the wall
fixer qc au mur
come to dinner
venez dîner

3. to (before):

a quarter to five
cinq heures moins le quart
still four days to Christmas
encore quatre jours avant Noël

4. to (until):

I count to 10
je compte jusqu'à 10
to date
jusqu'à ce jour

5. to (between):

from 10 to 25
de 10 à 25

6. to (with indirect objects):

I'm talking to sb
je parle à qn
it belongs to me
cela m'appartient
listen to your mother
écoute ta mère

7. to (toward):

he is kind/mean to sb
il est gentil/méchant avec qn

8. to (expressing a relation):

it's important to me
c'est important pour moi
to them it's vital/silly
pour eux c'est crucial/idiot
it's a lot of money to us
ça représente beaucoup d'argent pour nous
what's it to them? colloq
qu'est-ce que ça peut leur faire?
how many euros to the dollar?
combien d'euros pour un dollar?
3 goals to 1
3 buts à 1
the odds are 3 to 1
la cote est à 3 contre 1

9. to (expressing a reaction):

much to my surprise
à ma grande surprise
to my disgust, he accepted
à mon grand dégoût, il a accepté
to sway to the rhythm
onduler au rythme de la musique
sb/sth changes to sth
qn/qc se change en qc

10. to (by):

known to sb
connu de qn

11. to (expressing a connection):

the top to this jar
le couvercle de ce bocal
secretary to the boss
secrétaire mf du patron
I had the house to myself
j'ai eu la maison à moi tout seul

locuzioni:

that's all there is to it
ce n'est pas plus compliqué que ça
there's nothing to it
ce n'est pas difficile

II. to [tu] infinitive particle

1. to not translated (infinitive):

to do/walk/put
faire/marcher/mettre

2. to (in commands, wishes):

I told/asked him to eat
je lui ai dit/demandé de manger
he wants to listen/go there
il veut écouter/y aller
he wants me to tell him a story
il veut que je lui raconte une histoire

3. to (after interrog. words):

I know what to do/where to go/how to say it
je sais quoi faire/où aller/comment le dire

4. to (expressing purpose):

to do sth
pour faire qc
I write books to make money
j'écris des livres pour gagner de l'argent
he comes to see me
il vient me voir

5. to (in consecutive acts):

I came only to see the door lying open
en arrivant j'ai vu la porte ouverte

6. to (introducing a complement):

too tired/rich enough to +infin
trop fatigué/assez riche pour +infin
the last to leave
le dernier à partir

7. to (in impersonal statements):

it is easy to +infin
il est facile de +infin
sth is easy to do
qc est facile à faire

8. to (in ellipsis):

he doesn't want to drink, but I want to
il ne veut pas boire, mais moi oui
I shouldn't, but I want to
je ne devrais pas, mais je voudrais bien
it's hard to explain, but I'll try to
c'est difficile à expliquer mais je vais essayer

III. to [tu] AVV

I push the door to
je ferme la porte

locuzioni:

to and fro
ça et là
to go to and fro
aller et venir

from [fram] PREP

1. from:

from
de

2. from (as starting point):

where is he from?
d'où est-il?
the flight from Seattle
le vol (en provenance) de Seattle
to fly from New York to Tokyo
aller de New York à Tokyo (en avion)
to go from door to door
aller de porte en porte
shirts from $5
des chemises à partir de 5 dollars
from inside
de l'intérieur

3. from (temporal):

from day to day
de jour en jour
from time to time
de temps en temps
from his childhood
depuis son enfance
from the age of 7 upward
dès l'âge de 7 ans
from that date on(ward)
à partir de cette date

4. from (at distance to):

100 feet from the river
à 100 pieds du fleuve
far from doing sth
loin de faire qc

5. from (source, origin):

a card from Dad/Mexico
une carte de papa/du Mexique
toys from China
jouets mpl venant de Chine
to drink from a cup/the bottle
boire dans une tasse/à la bouteille
to appear from among the trees/beneath sth
surgir d'entre les arbres/de dessous qc
translated from the English
traduit de l'anglais
quotations from Joyce
citations fpl de Joyce
from “War and Peace”
extrait [ou tiré] de “Guerre et Paix”
there have been complaints from the neighbors
il y a eu des plaintes de la part des voisins
tell her from me
dites-lui de ma part

6. from (in reference to):

from what I heard
d'après ce que j'ai entendu (dire)
from my point of view a. fig
de mon point de vue
to judge from appearances
juger selon les apparences
different from the others
différent des autres

7. from (caused by):

from experience
par expérience
weak from hunger
affaibli par la faim
to die from thirst
mourir de soif

8. from (expressing removal, separation):

to steal/take sth from sb
voler/prendre qc à qn
to tell good from evil
distinguer le bien du mal
to keep sth from sb
cacher qc à qn
to shade sth from the sun
protéger qc du soleil
4 subtracted from 7 equals 3 math
4 ôté de 7 égalent 3

locuzioni:

from bad to worse
de mal en pis

at2 [æt]

at → at sign

at1 [ət] PREP

1. at (in location of):

at
à
at home/school
à la maison/l'école
at the office
au bureau
at the window
devant la fenêtre
at the dentist
chez le dentiste

2. at (expressing time):

at the same time
en même temps
at the/no time
à ce moment-là/aucun moment
to do one thing at a time
faire une chose à la fois
at noon/midnight/3 o'clock
à midi/minuit/3 heures
at night
(durant) la nuit
at Easter
à Pâques
while I'm at it
pendant que j'y suis

3. at (toward):

to point at people
montrer les gens du doigt
to rush at sth/sb
se ruer sur qc/qn

4. at (in reaction to):

at the sight of sth
en voyant qc

5. at (in an amount of):

at all
en tout
to sell sth at $10 a pound
vendre qc 10 dollars la livre
at 65 mph
à 65 miles par heure

6. at (in a state of):

I'm not at my best/most alert
je ne suis pas vraiment en forme/très éveillé
at war/peace
en guerre/paix
at 20
à l'âge de 20 ans
a child at play
un enfant en train de jouer
to be at lunch
déjeuner

7. at (in ability to):

to be good/bad at French
être bon/mauvais en français
to be at an advantage
avoir l'avantage

8. at (repetition, persistence):

to tug at the rope
tirer sur la corde
he's at it again
il recommence
he's always at it
il n'arrête pas

locuzioni:

at all often not translated do you know her husband at all?
est-ce que vous connaissez son mari?
thank you – not at all!
merci – je vous en prie!
not angry at all
pas du tout fâché
he said nothing at at
il n'a rien dit du tout
nobody at all
absolument personne
to hardly work/talk at all
travailler/parler à peine
at that
de surcroît
that's where it's at colloq
c'est comme ça aujourd'hui
let's see where we're at
voyons où nous en sommes
Present
Iwork to
youwork to
he/she/itworks to
wework to
youwork to
theywork to
Past
Iworked to
youworked to
he/she/itworked to
weworked to
youworked to
theyworked to
Present Perfect
Ihaveworked to
youhaveworked to
he/she/ithasworked to
wehaveworked to
youhaveworked to
theyhaveworked to
Past Perfect
Ihadworked to
youhadworked to
he/she/ithadworked to
wehadworked to
youhadworked to
theyhadworked to
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Esempi monolingue (non verificati dalla Redazione di PONS)

The latter seeks to use natural experiments to substitute for economic theory.
en.wikipedia.org
In the compensatory muscle, the latency time is actually decreased in order to substitute for the function of the diseased muscle.
en.wikipedia.org
Not all systems that claim to offer font substitution are able to substitute for missing characters; some are only capable of substituting for missing fonts.
en.wikipedia.org
Frequently she was called upon at the last moment to substitute for some leading soprano momentarily indisposed.
en.wikipedia.org
Loose moments do recur, partly as a natural impulse to substitute for razzle-dazzle by "going bigger", but the flaws are mostly unobtrusive.
www.smh.com.au

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